The Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Anatase TiO2 with Rare Earth Metal Dopants from First-Principles Calculations

The electronic and optical properties of the rare earth metal atom-doped anatase TiO₂ have been investigated systematically via density functional theory calculations. The results show that TiO₂ doped by Ce or Pr is the optimal choice because of its small band gap and strong optical absorption. Rare earth metal atom doping induces several impurity states that tune the location of valence and conduction bands and an obvious lattice distortion that should reduce the probability of electron-hole recombination. This effect of band change originates from the 4f electrons of the rare earth metal atoms, which leads to an improved visible light absorption. This finding indicates that the electronic structure of anatase TiO₂ is tuned by the introduction of impurity atoms.